Magnetohydrodynamic Mixed Convection and Entropy Analysis of Nanofluid in Gamma-Shaped Porous Cavity

Abstract

The entropy generation due to magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow and heat transfer in a Gamma-shaped porous cavity is explored in this research by the finite volume technique. There exists an internal heating generation inside the cavity and the top and bottom walls are moving by constant velocities to induce forced convection. The cavity is filled with copper/water nanofluid and subjected to an inclined uniform magnetic field. A numerical simulation is performed to study the effects of several key parameters such as the Hartmann number, nanoparticle volume fraction, and the length and location of a heat source inside the Gamma-shaped cavity on the heat transfer performance. The numerical results are presented graphically in the forms of isotherm, streamline contour plots and changing Nusselt numbers and entropy generation. The increase of the Nusselt number with the volume fraction is more pronounced for the smallest heat source, a heat source placed at the lowest height from the bottom side, the lowest volumetric heat generation, the lowest imposed magnetic field, the lowest Darcy number, and for a porous media with the lowest solid to fluid thermal conductivity ratio. Increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction has a higher impact on the production of entropy than the enhancement in the heat transfer rate.