Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) materials composed of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases have been the subject of decades of research due to their versatility and unique capability to couple the magnetic and electric properties of the matter. While these materials are often studied from a fundamental point of view, the 4.0 revolution (automation of traditional manufacturing and industrial practices, using modern smart technology) and the Internet of Things (IoT) context allows the perfect conditions for this type of materials being effectively/finally implemented in a variety of advanced applications. This review starts in the era of Rontgen and Curie and ends up in the present day, highlighting challenges/directions for the time to come. The main materials, configurations, ME coefficients, and processing techniques are reported.
Highlights
Multiferroic materials are formed by at least two ferroic orders: a ferroelectric order where spontaneous and stable polarization can be switched hysteretically by an applied electric field; a ferromagnetic order where spontaneous and stable magnetization can be switched hysteretically by an applied magnetic field or ferroelastic order where spontaneous and stable deformation can be switched hysteretically by an applied stress [1]
The initial studies regarding the ME effect by Rontgen in 1888 [3] and Curie in 1894 [4] reported that a moving dielectric became magnetized when placed in a magnetic field and the possibility of intrinsic linear ME behaviour of crystals based on symmetry considerations, respectively
In (2–2) laminate composites, the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases are often joined by performance [11]
Summary
Multiferroic materials are formed by at least two ferroic orders: a ferroelectric order where spontaneous and stable polarization can be switched hysteretically by an applied electric field; a ferromagnetic order where spontaneous and stable magnetization can be switched hysteretically by an applied magnetic field or ferroelastic order where spontaneous and stable deformation can be switched hysteretically by an applied stress [1]. In (2–2) laminate composites, the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases are often joined by performance [11] Such laminates can be arranged in different shapes and geometries, including discs, a coupling agent, leading to an elimination of the leakage current, resulting on a superior ME squares, rectangles, and rings, with different dimensions. Titanate (PZT) disc between two Terfenol-D discs connected −1 with silver epoxy, avoiding the This laminate achieved a ME coupling coefficient of 4.68 V·cm ·Oe−1 with a 4.2 kOe DC magnetic previously reported problems in ME particulate composites, such as low ME response and leakage field at 1 kHz, exceeding the values obtained in ME particulate composites at the time [8]. Web of Science database (7/2020) with the key words (a) magnetoelectric; and (b) internet of things [20]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
