Abstract
In strong magnetic fields up to 20 T quasistatic measurements of the magnetic-field-induced electric polarization have been performed in ${\mathrm{LiNiPO}}_{4}$ single crystals between 4.2 and $\ensuremath{\sim}25$ K. The magnetoelectric (ME) effect has been studied in detail near the N\'eel temperature. The temperature hysteresis of the polarization induced by a magnetic field was found. An anomalous temperature dependence of the magnetoelectric susceptibility during the phase transition and the ME ``butterfly loop'' were observed. The phenomenological theory of the magnetoelectric effect in ${\mathrm{LiCoPO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{LiNiPO}}_{4}$ has been developed. A tentative explanation of the existence of the magnetoelectric ``butterfly loop'' is given. It is shown that there is a non-Lifshitz invariant in the free energy expansion which is linear in the spatial derivatives. Hence the phase transition to a space-modulated spin structure is possible. The influence of such a structure on the linear magnetoelectric effect is examined.
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