Abstract
Over the past few decades, magnetoelectric (ME) materials and devices have been investigated extensively, which is one of the most interesting research topics since the revival of multiferroic laminates with large ME coupling coefficients. The existence of two or more ferroic properties in the ME systems plays key roles in the next generation of novel multifunctional devices. Strong ME coupling has been demonstrated in various ME systems, including single-phase bulk or thin-film materials and bulk or thin-film composites such as piezoelectric/magnetostrictive heterostructures. Based on the coupling mechanisms, a variety of device applications have attracted ever-increasing attention, such as magnetic field sensors, voltage tunable inductors, mechanical ME antennas, which are compact, lightweight, and power-efficient. These novel ME materials and devices provide great opportunities for next-generation magnetic field sensing, communication systems, spintronics, nonvolatile memory applications, etc. In this paper, we try to summarize the most recent progress on ME materials, phenomena, and devices in the past few years, with emphasis on thin-film composite materials and devices. Some unsolved questions and future directions where the community could head for are also provided.
Highlights
Multiferroic materials, which have two or more ferroic orders, such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity, have received intense research interests due to both theoretical physics and potential multifunctional applications
In order to compensate for the deficiencies of the single-phase materials, a giant ME coupling at room temperature was realized by tailoring the properties of artificial multiferroic composites, which are consisted of ferroelectric (FE) and ferromagnetic (FM) compounds.[80,81,82]
The practical ME antenna based on the suspended acoustic resonator was first designed by Nan et al for very-high-frequency (VHF, 30–300 MHz) band and ultra-highfrequency (UHF, 0.3–3 GHz) band in 2017.32 In addition, the ME antenna based on the bulk surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator was demonstrated by Dong et al for very-low-frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) band in 2020.33 Those ME antennas utilize the acoustic resonance inside the resonator, the wavelength of which is five orders of magnitude smaller than the wavelength of the EM wave at the same frequency, leading to a several orders smaller volume over conventional antennas
Summary
Multiferroic materials, which have two or more ferroic orders, such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity, have received intense research interests due to both theoretical physics and potential multifunctional applications. Magnetoelectric (ME) effect is the coupling between polarization (P) and magnetization (M), i.e., the control of P by applying a magnetic field (direct ME effect) or the manipulation of M through an electric field (converse ME effect). It is clear that the number of papers increases dramatically since the revival of ME effect, which indicates that researchers are becoming more and more interested in this topic. Strong ME coupling, which is critical for various ME devices, has been demonstrated in these multifunctional materials.[1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] The coexistence of magnetization and polarization in these ME materials provides additional degrees of freedom in the development of novel devices such as sensors,[15,16,17,18,19,20] filters,[21,22,23,24] inductors,[25,26,27,28,29,30] antennas,[31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38] energy harvesters,[39,40] storage devices,[41,42,43,44] etc.[45,46,47,48]
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