Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to bionics and highlight the general attributes of polymer-based electrodes in this field. Magnetoelectric (ME) composites bring new and exciting opportunities, which include contactless or “wireless” electrical stimulation and related advances in dispersible, injectable nanoelectrodes. Piezoelectric polymers have been used for electrical stimulation of cells, namely, to promote their growth via mechanically driven stimulation. The chapter focuses on the role of the ferroelectric polymers, their biocompatibility, and biointeractions and explores the prospects of developing ME composites based on biopolymers such as cellulose, collagen, and DNA. It then discusses the ability to fabricate nanostructured and nanoscale ME composites and unprecedented capabilities in bionics through recent demonstration of using ME composite nanoparticles for stimulating the brain. The chapter highlights some of the enabling nanoscale characterization tools that are critical in understanding the ME interface and their interactions with proteins and living cells at the molecular level.
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