Magnetized heat transfer visualization through computational modeling of third-grade fluid via exponentially stretching cylinder

Abstract

The steady MHD boundary-layer axis-symmetric flow of a third-grade fluid passing through an exponentially expanded cylinder in the vicinity of a magnetic field is investigated in this study. The problem is mathematically modeled. Suitable similarity transformations are carried out to convert the partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The Runge–Kutta fourth-order shooting technique is used to solve the transmuted system of nonlinear ODEs. Graphical representations of numerical findings are used to examine the effects of various physical factors on the velocity and temperature profiles. The influence of fluid variables on the velocity curve, such as third-grade parameters, second-grade parameters, and Reynolds number, is illustrated and explored. The skin-friction coefficient expression is computed and given. The widths of the velocity and momentum boundary layers are revealed to be increasing functions of the curvature parameter. It is found that the third-grade fluid has a higher velocity profile than Newtonian and second-grade fluids. Also, the stretched cylinders cause a more progressive shift in heat and mass pattern for flow than flat plates do.