Abstract
BackgroundIn addition to classic midbrain pathology, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is accompanied by changes in pontine and medullary brainstem structures. These additional abnormalities may underlie non-motor features as well as play a role in motor disability. Methods: Using novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods based on rotating frame adiabatic R1ρ (i.e., measurements of longitudinal relaxation during adiabatic full passage pulses) and modified magnetization transfer (MT) MRI mapping, we sought to identify brainstem alterations in nine individuals with mild-moderate PD (off medication) and ten age-matched controls at 4 T. Results: We discovered significant differences in MRI parameters between midbrain and medullary brainstem structures in control subjects as compared to PD patients. Conclusions: These findings support the presence of underlying functional/structural brainstem changes in mild-moderate PD.
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