Abstract
The dynamical equation for magnetization has been reconsidered by enlarging the phase space of the ferromagnetic degrees of freedom to the angular momentum. The generalized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation that includes inertial terms, and the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation, are then derived in the framework of mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics theory. A typical relaxation time $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is introduced describing the relaxation of the magnetization acceleration from the inertial regime toward the precession regime defined by a constant Larmor frequency. For time scales larger than $\ensuremath{\tau}$, the usual Gilbert equation is recovered. For time scales below $\ensuremath{\tau}$, nutation and related inertial effects are predicted. The inertial regime offers new opportunities for the implementation of ultrafast magnetization switching in magnetic devices.
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