Magnetite Nanoparticles Different Sizes Effectiveness On Growth And Secondary Metabolites In Ginkgo Biloba L. Callus

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) various sizes (10.77, 20.5, and 29.3 nm), and different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 ppm) on the growth and production of active constituents in Ginkgo biloba L callus. The best medium for callus growth and proliferation of Ginkgo biloba L was MS medium supplemented with 1 ppm naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 1 ppm Kinetin, and 0.5 ppm MNPs with a size of 10 nm, which gave the maximum fresh weight of callus and percentage increase in fresh weight after two subcultures. The maximum accumulation of ginkgolide A and bilobalide were achieved when callus was elicited by MNPs 10 nm at 2 ppm. This study also focused on estimating phenolic compounds and scavenging free radicals (antioxidant activity) for their indirect effect on active constituents production. Also, MNPs different sizes had a clear effect on the number of phenolic compounds, where the maximum values were recorded with (2 ppm + size 10.77 nm). The major components were quercetin, kaempferol, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and caffeic acid. Moreover, the highest percentage of antioxidant activity (DPPH) was recorded when callus treated with (2 ppm + size 10.77 nm) which reached 77.29 %. This study highlights the importance of MNPs for the production of ginkgolide A and bilobalide from Ginkgo biloba L. and focusing on the relationship between their size and concentration. Besides, to provide a good and permanent source of active substances of medical and industrial importance on a large scale and at the lowest cost.