Abstract
The effect of Ni doping in BiFe1−xNixO3 (BFNO) multiferroics are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hysteresis loop (M–H), temperature dependent magnetization (FC-ZFC) measurements and electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques. The XRD and FTIR studies indicate that the BFNO compounds remain in rhombohedral (R3c) phase without appearance of any structural transformation due to Ni doping. The XPS studies show the oxidation states of Fe ions as 3+, whereas Bi is found to be in a mixed valence state of 2+ and 3+ in BFNO. The Ni ion doping enhances the saturation magnetization from 0.179 emu/g (x = 0.025) to 2.38 emu/g (x = 0.20), which is higher than the reported values found in literature. The FC-ZFC magnetization studies suggest the presence of a magnetic phase transition from a weak ferromagnetic to a spin glass state at low temperature. The ESR studies confirm the ferromagnetic state of BFNO samples.
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