Abstract
Understanding the nature of the magnetic-field-induced precipitation behaviors represents a major step forward towards unravelling the real nature of interesting phenomena in Fe-based alloys and especially towards solving the key materials problem for the development of fusion energy. Experimental results indicate that the applied high magnetic field effectively promotes the precipitation of M23C6 carbides. We build an integrated method, which breaks through the limitations of zero temperature and zero external field, to concentrate on the dependence of the stability induced by the magnetic effect, excluding the thermal effect. We investigate the intimate relationship between the external field and the origins of various magnetics structural characteristics, which are derived from the interactions among the various Wyckoff sites of iron atoms, antiparallel spin of chromium and Fe-C bond distances. The high-magnetic-field-induced exchange coupling increases with the strength of the external field, which then causes an increase in the parallel magnetic moment. The stability of the alloy carbide M23C6 is more dependent on external field effects than thermal effects, whereas that of M2C, M3C and M7C3 is mainly determined by thermal effects.
Highlights
Understanding the nature of the magnetic-field-induced precipitation behaviors represents a major step forward towards unravelling the real nature of interesting phenomena in Fe-based alloys and especially towards solving the key materials problem for the development of fusion energy
We first investigate an intimate relationship of the external field and the origins of various magnetism characteristics which are derived from the interactions among the various Wyckoff sites of iron atoms, antiparallel spin of chromium and Fe-C bond distances
Before exploring the magnetic-field-induced stability, we first systematically examine the magnetism characteristics of alloy carbides M23C6 in two stages: first, we choose the most effective compound Fe20Cr3C6 which are taken as an example to analyse the detailed framework structure and stabilizing atoms for the complex Fe23-xCrxC6; secondly, we investigate the interactions among the antiparallel spin of chromium, Fe-C bond distances and various Wyckoff sites of iron atoms on further clarification of the magnetic influence on stability at absolute temperature
Summary
Understanding the nature of the magnetic-field-induced precipitation behaviors represents a major step forward towards unravelling the real nature of interesting phenomena in Fe-based alloys and especially towards solving the key materials problem for the development of fusion energy. Experimental observations have proven that the precipitation sequence, substitutional solute atom concentration and growth behaviours of iron and alloy carbides are influenced by high magnetic fields at lower temperature for a much shorter time[9,10,11,12,13]. It reveals that high-magnetic-field has a great effect on the stability of alloy carbides. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the creep-resistant property in reduced activation steels and effectively illuminate the key magnetism problem in the magnetic confinement Tokamak of the well-known ITER project and the other Fe-based alloys and compounds in extreme conditions
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