Magnetic stir bars with hyperbranched aptamer as coating for selective, effective headspace extraction of trace polychlorinated biphenyls in soils

Abstract

It is challenging to greatly increase of the extraction selectivity and efficiency by stir bar sorptive extraction of ultra-trace polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in complex environmental matrix, e.g., soils. To fulfill this purpose, one of the critical works is to prepare some coatings with high selectivity, adsorptive capacity and reusability. It is also important to develop some green, simple methods for preperation the coatings. In this work, a kind of highly efficient and bioactive coating based on hyperbranched aptamer (HB-Apt) was constructed via hybridization chain reaction (HCR). Then, the HB-Apt was coated on a magnetic stir bar and applied to headspace extraction of PCB72 and PCB106 in soils. The core-shell gold magnetic particles (Fe3O4@AuNPs, AuMNPs for short) was employed as the substrate to immobilize the HB-Apt. The extracted PCBs on the stir bar could be easily eluted in ethanol by stirring, and then sampled in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for qualification. The ultra-low detection limit (0.003–0.005 ng•g−1), good linearity (0.01–500 ng•g−1, R2≥0.994) and reproducibility (RSD: 4.58–6.53%) were obtained. Compared with the common aptamer coating, the HB-Apt coating exhibited good selectivity and higher extraction capacity. The results might be related to the fact that there are more aptamer fragments grated on the HB-Apt coating than those of the common aptamer coating. The magnetic stir bar can not only be employed for easy headspace extraction, but also facilitate separation and elution. Moreover, the coating could be recycled for at least 60 times before recoveries of the PCB72 and PCB106 in the spiked samples drop below 90%. All these indicated that the assay is simple, robust, environment friendly and promising for detection of trace PCBs in complex environmental samples.