Abstract
Today, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the diagnostic tool of choice for eye and orbital pathologies. In this article, the MR image characteristics of relevant pathologies are illustrated with case-based examples in the context of clinical findings. Vascular pathologies (such as capillary and cavernous hemangioma), inflammatory diseases (such as endocrine orbitopathy), and neoplasms (such as lymphoma, uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma, and ocular/orbital metastasis) are described. Additionally, the role of MRI in the acute clinical setting and in trauma are discussed. Technical aspects of MRI encompassing field strength and the utilization of receiver coils to optimize image quality and achieve high spatial resolution are explained. Next to the use of common sequences (T1- and T2-weighted sequences) used in standard anatomic imaging (sAI), the article demonstrates the potential of "multiparametric imaging" (diffusion-weighted imaging, DWI, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, DCE). These innovative MRI sequences depict functional tissue features in addition to pure morphology and thus facilitate radiological assessment.
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