Abstract
The development of effective magnetic refrigerators (MR) using the Active magnetic Regenerator (AMR) principle is reviewed. MR key issues are: charging high field magnets is lossy except at cryogenic temperatures, so either the magnetocaloric material (MCM) or magnets must move and heat exchange must be done at the high field and low field points; the magnetocaloric effect is small so a high field and MCMs with high concentration of spins are necessary; MCMs are solids so an auxiliary heat exchange fluid is required with excellent thermal contact to the MCM. High efficiency requires balancing the competing losses in the AMR and choosing a series of MCM layers, both done using a detailed model of the AMR beds.
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