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Abstract
In this work, chitosan/magnetite nanoparticles (ChM) were quickly synthesized according to our previous report based on co-precipitation reaction under ultrasound (US) irradiation. Besides ChM was in-depth structurally characterized, showing a crystalline phase corresponding to magnetite and presenting a spheric morphology, a “nanorod”-type morphology was also obtained after increasing reaction time for eight minutes. Successfully, both morphologies presented a nanoscale range with an average particle size of approximately 5–30 nm, providing a superparamagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization ranging from 44 to 57 emu·g−1. As ChM nanocomposites have shown great versatility considering their properties, we proposed a comparative study using three different amine-based nanoparticles, non-surface-modified and surface-modified, for removal of azo dyes from aqueous solutions. From nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm results, the surface-modified ChMs increased the specific surface area and pore size. Additionally, the adsorption of anionic azo dyes (reactive black 5 (RB5) and methyl orange (MO)) on nanocomposites surface was pH-dependent, where surface-modified samples presented a better response under pH 4 and non-modified one under pH 8. Indeed, adsorption capacity results also showed different adsorption mechanisms, molecular size effect and electrostatic attraction, for unmodified and modified ChMs, respectively. Herein, considering all results and nanocomposite-type structure, ChM nanoparticles seem to be a suitable potential alternative for conventional anionic dyes adsorbents, as well as both primary materials source, chitosan and magnetite, are costless and easily supplied.
Highlights
As the global population is steadily growing, worldwide demand for textile products is increasing
As expected, the synthesis strategy based on co-precipitation reaction of the iron–chitosan complex under US irradiation provides chitosan-coating magnetite NPs, promoting resistance against oxidation
Magnetic chitosan nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through a wellestablished ultrafast strategy under US irradiation
Summary
As the global population is steadily growing, worldwide demand for textile products is increasing. The textile industry is facing several environmental impacts—mainly related to wastewater discharged from textile dyeing processes. Dyes are widely used in textile, paper and plastic industries and present high water solubility, where around 10–20% of these chemical compounds still remaining in the wastewater [2,3]. Considering the excessive dyes use, numerous dye-removal methods have been developed such as adsorption [5], heterogeneous Fenton process [6], photocatalytic degradation [7], coagulation–flocculation [8] and ultra-filtration through fine membranes [9]. Most textile industries have been used activated carbon as adsorbent, even presenting high cost, once can remove heavy metals and dyes with high adsorption capacity [12,13]
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