Abstract
This review describes recent advances in the use of magnetic-plasmonic particles (MPPs) for bacteria detection by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Pathogenic bacteria pollution has always been a major threat to human health and safety. SERS spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful and promising technique for sensitive and selective detection of pathogen bacteria. MPPs are considered as a versatile SERS platform for their excellent plasmonic properties and good magnetic responsiveness. Improved preparation method and typical characterization technique of MPPs are introduced, focusing on the thin and continuous metallic shell covering process. Consequently, the SERS-based sensing methods for bacteria identification were discussed, including the label-free and label-based methods. Finally, an overview of the current state of the field and our perspective on future development directions are given.
Highlights
Diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria remain a major threat to safety and health of human beings.1 Pathogens present in food, water, or even in air often contain etiologic agents of many serious and even fatal diseases
In addition to the laborious pretreatments, Real time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) method suffers from occasional fluorescence quenching, single-channel detection, and sophisticated equipment, as it acquires the fluorescence signals of the labels which are modified in the end of the DNA sequences
The major vibrational modes of E. coli can be observed at the concentration of 106 cells/mL, as it is captured by the magnetic-plasmonic particles (MPPs) microspheres, while no characteristic vibrational bands are observed even at the bacterial concentration of 108 cells/mL mixed with Fe3O4@Au and Fe3O4@PEI microspheres
Summary
Diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria remain a major threat to safety and health of human beings. Pathogens present in food, water, or even in air often contain etiologic agents of many serious and even fatal diseases. Both label-free and label-based sensing approaches rely on the SERS substrate’s dramatic signal enhancement ability (105 to 1012), which originates dominantly from the electromagnetic field concentration or coupling at the nanotips or nanogaps of the noble metal nanostructures. These areas with greatly enhanced electromagnetic field are called ‘hotspots’ for SERS and are used to amplify the usually weak Raman scattering signals. With advantages of good sensitivity, simple fabrication procedure, low cost and excellent controllability, MPPs demonstrate great potential and promise in SERS-based sensing, especially for rapid bacterial cell detection. We will outline challenges and future perspectives in this evolving field, such as the sensing reproducibility, whole-organism fingerprinting database establishment, and parameters optimization
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