Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are a hot topic in the field of medical life sciences, as they are highly relevant in diagnostic applications. In this regard, a large variety of novel imaging methods for MNP in biological systems have been invented. In this proof-of-concept study, a new and novel technique is explored, called Magnetic Particle Mapping (MPM), using resonant magnetoelectric (ME) sensors for the detection of MNPs that could prove to be a cheap and efficient way to localize the magnetic nanoparticles. The simple and straightforward setup and measurement procedure includes the detection of higher harmonic excitations of MNP ensembles. We show the feasibility of this approach by building a measurement setup particularly suited to exploit the inherent sensor properties. We measure the magnetic response from 2D MNP distributions and reconstruct the distribution by solving the inverse problem. Furthermore, biological samples with magnetically labeled cells were measured and reconstruction of the distribution was compared with light microscope images. Measurement results suggest that the approach presented here is promising for MNP localization.
Highlights
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are used in a variety of applications in the field of medical life sciences[1]
The usage of small, cheap and sensitive sensors in imaging arrays could greatly enhance detection and imaging of MNPs. In this proof-of-concept study we propose a novel strategy, called magnetic particle mapping (MPM), to locate MNPs by detecting their nonlinear magnetic response to a monofrequent magnetic excitation field, using a single
We model the forward problem as a space invariant linear system, meaning that the fields of the MNPs superimpose without affecting each other and, in this case, that all MNPs have the same orientation of their magnetic moment
Summary
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are used in a variety of applications in the field of medical life sciences[1]. The general interest in the imaging of MNP distributions gave rise to a variety of imaging systems using and detecting the magnetic responses and influences of the MNPs. The most prevalent imaging systems for the detection of MNPs as an imaging modality includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)[1,7], magnetic particle imaging (MPI)[8,9] and magnetorelaxometry imaging (MRX)[10]. ME sensors are composite materials that convert magnetic fields into a voltage via a mechanical coupling of a magnetostrictive and a piezoelectric phase. Because these ME sensors are fabricated using MEMS technology, mass produced sensors could be used for magnetic field imaging arrays for a fast and cheap localization of magnetic particle distributions. We further use the method to detect the location of magnetically labeled cells, as an example of a biological application, where we confirm the reconstructed cell distribution from the MPM method by light microscopy images
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