Abstract
The magnetorheological (MR) elastomer as a hard and soft hybrid functional material, a composite material consisting of magnetic hard particles embedded in elastomeric soft matrix, is a branch of MR materials that are functional smart materials rapidly responding to external magnetic fields. These tunable properties of MR elastomers facilitate a variety of applications. In this brief review paper, in addition to general information on the MR elastomers, recent research not only on a wide variety of MR elastomeric systems focusing on various magnetic particles, elastomeric matrices, additives and particle modification methods, but also on their characteristics including MR properties from dynamic oscillation tests is covered along with their mechanical properties such as the Payne effect, tensile strength and engineering applications.
Highlights
World-wide interest in smart and intelligent materials has shown huge growth [1,2,3].Smart materials are materials that can change their material properties in response to applied external stimuli, such as electric or magnetic fields, stress, pH, moisture, temperature, light, and so on [4].Magnetorheological (MR) materials belonging to functional smart materials exhibit tunable rheological and viscoelastic characteristics such as shear stress, yield stress, dynamic modulus and damping when regulated by an applied external magnetic field, so-called MR phenomenon first discovered in the late 1940s [5,6,7,8,9]
In this brief review article, we provided the recent research on the fabrication, characterizations, properties and applications of various MR elastomeric composites prepared with a wide variety of magnetic particles, elastomers and additives as one example of hard and soft hybrid smart and functional materials
It was shown that the morphologies of the iso/anisotropic MR elastomers prepared with/without magnetic fields have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fe-mapping
Summary
World-wide interest in smart and intelligent materials has shown huge growth [1,2,3]. The yield stress and shear viscosity of the MR fluids increase by many orders of magnitude, and the suspension system changes from a Newtonian liquid to a solid-like state when a magnetic field is applied [12,13] Their variety of applications includes magnetically-controllable devices such as brakes, clutches, dampers and mounts for semi-active or adaptive vibration controlling [14,15,16,17,18]. This article briefly reviews recent research on the fabrication and characterization of various hard and soft hybrid functional MR elastomers along with their physical and mechanical properties and potential industrial applications Their viscoelastic characteristics can be modified by external stimuli such as an external magnetic field, stress and temperature, and their intrinsic features determined by the constitution of components, network structure, crosslinking density, the type and size of particles, and so on.
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