Magnetic Nanoparticles-Based Novel Sensors for Select Biomedical/Biological Science Applications

Abstract

AbstractThis chapter deals with the design and development of select biosensors employing a novel approach and also using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to unravel the significant challenges including rapid detection and precise measurements of protein biomarkers, cells, small molecules, pathogens, etc., in biomedical and life science applications. Therefore, the advancement of versatile and robust biosensing platforms needs to take into account the different requirements and consequences in medicine, pharmaceutical drug progress, clinical diagnostics, and genomic areas and proteomic research. Nevertheless, MNPs are of great attention in recent years for biological and life science applications because of their unique properties like biocompatibility, stability from the physical and chemical point of view, inexpensive to synthesize, large magnetic susceptibility, and environment friendly and safety, and, hence, MNPs-based sensor is used in biological samples for different applications such as biosensor, drug delivery, and thermal ablation therapy. This chapter is endowed with: (1) diagnostic magnetic resonance (DMR), (2) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and (3) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques having different mechanisms by using MNPs that are considered as the detection platforms for numerous applications in biomedical science. Although DMR technique comprises several sensing principles with assay configurations, the key basis for DMR is to use MNPs as proximity sensor which is exploited in clinical magneto resonance imaging (MRI) scanners or benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry. Currently, a chip-based NMR detector system has been explored in DMR technology for advancement and capable of functioning in extremely sensitive calculations on microliter sample capacities and in a multiplexed arrangement. DMR biosensor technology and its use to detect numerous biomolecules in biomedical science applications are discussed in this chapter. Albeit absorbance or fluorescence-based optical approaches have been employed since decades, comprehensive information about the usage of MNPs in surface-based optical techniques namely SPR and SERS is presented in this chapter. These surface-based optical techniques have been advancing very rapidly for potential applications in the biosensing platform.KeywordsMagnetic nanoparticlesBiosensorDiagnostic magnetic resonanceSurface plasmon resonanceSurface-enhanced Raman scattering, etc.