Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are the basic components of the most promising magneto-responsive systems for nanomedicine, ranging from drug delivery and imaging to hyperthermia cancer treatment, as well as to rapid point-of-care diagnostic systems with magnetic nanoparticles. Advanced synthesis procedures of single- and multi-core iron-oxide nanoparticles with high magnetic moment and well-defined size and shape, being designed to simultaneously fulfill multiple biomedical functionalities, have been thoroughly evaluated. The review summarizes recent results in manufacturing novel magnetic nanoparticle systems, as well as the use of proper characterization methods that are relevant to the magneto-responsive nature, size range, surface chemistry, structuring behavior, and exploitation conditions of magnetic nanosystems. These refer to particle size, size distribution and aggregation characteristics, zeta potential/surface charge, surface coating, functionalization and catalytic activity, morphology (shape, surface area, surface topology, crystallinity), solubility and stability (e.g., solubility in biological fluids, stability on storage), as well as to DC and AC magnetic properties, particle agglomerates formation, and flow behavior under applied magnetic field (magnetorheology).
Highlights
We aim to focus on the latest trends in magnetic nanosystem research for nanomedicine applications, involving synthesis, structural, colloidal, magnetic and magnetorheological characterization, as well as demonstrating efficient progress and still existing weaknesses
The special capillary viscometer proved to be suitable for measuring the magnetoviscous effect in bio-ferrofluids and the results show good correlation with data measured by rotational rheometry—Figure 22
Iron oxide nanoparticle systems are among of the most promising nanomaterials in clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications; the review was focused on efficient manufacturing procedures and manifold characterization methods of these magneto-responsive systems
Summary
Magnetic nanoparticle systems that are relevant for nanomedicine applications [1,2], such as biomedical imaging, magnetically targeted drug delivery, magneto-mechanical actuation of cell surface receptors, magnetic hyperthermia, triggered drug release, and biomarker/cell separation, have some particular features concerning composition, size, morphology, structure, and magnetic behavior, which highly motivated the synthesis, characterization, and post-synthesis application-specific modification of magnetic iron oxide and substituted ferrite nanoparticles [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] These multi-functional magnetoresponsive particles are highly promising in imaging and treating a lesion, simultaneously providing a theranostic approach [11,12,13]. We aim to focus on the latest trends in magnetic nanosystem research for nanomedicine applications, involving synthesis, structural, colloidal, magnetic and magnetorheological characterization, as well as demonstrating efficient progress and still existing weaknesses
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