Abstract
There are analyzed creation and development of magnetic nanomaterials and nanostructures, films with a columnar type of crystal structure, multilayer film structures, nanocomposites, granular alloys and nanowires. The methodics of obtaining, structure, magnetic and magnetoresistive properties of three types of nanowires – multilayered and granular ones and the ones of spin-valve type are discussed. It is shown that multilayer film coatings with very thin (< 1 nm) alternating magnetic and nonmagnetic layers behave like films of granular alloys. It is emphasized that the films of granular Cu–Co alloys were first obtained at the Scientific and Practical Materials Research Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus by the method of electrolytic deposition without subsequent annealing, as is the case with other methods for their preparation. As prepared Cu–Co films are superparamagneties. That is, they demonstrate ferromagnetic below blocking temperature, which is dependent on the size of cobalt clusters in diamagnetic matrix of copper. The granulated nanowires, firstly obtained by us, exhibit similar behavior. Special attention is paid to the analysis of obtaining and properties of multilayered films of the spin-valve type. The trends in the development of materials science are predicted, which will allow creating new materials with a high level of quality and specified properties, what will allow expanding the area of export of such materials and products from them in the future.
Highlights
There are analyzed creation and development of magnetic nanomaterials and nanostructures, films with a columnar type of crystal structure, multilayer film structures, nanocomposites, granular alloys and nanowires
It is shown that multilayer film coatings with very thin (< 1 nm) alternating magnetic and nonmagnetic layers behave like films of granular alloys
It is emphasized that the films of granular Cu–Co alloys were first obtained at the Scientific and Practical Materials Research Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus by the method of electrolytic deposition without subsequent annealing, as is the case with other methods for their preparation
Summary
Возрастание величины ГМС при отжиге сплошных пленок неоднородных сплавов Co–Cu, полученных различными методами, обусловлено фазовым расслоением, которое приных в поры поликарбонатных мембран с диаметром пор 10 нм и плотностью пор 6 ⋅ 108 см–2. Основная трудность при этом заключается в том, что при варьировании потенциала осаждения j (либо катодной плотности тока DK) необходимо подобрать такие условия осаждения (прежде всего состав электролита и режимы осаждения), при которых одним изменением j (или DK) будет достигаться достаточно большая разница в составе и кристаллической структуре магнитных слоев и, следовательно, существенно различаться их коэрцитивная сила. При последующем изучении многослойных пленочных структур несколько неожиданным оказалось то, что они имеют хорошие экранирующие свойства и могут быть использованы для защиты от электромагнитного и радиационного излучения [13, 14]
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