Abstract
Herein we have developed a highly active, robust, and selective porous organic polymer (PPTPA-1, POP) encapsulated magnetically retrievable Pd-Fe3O4 nanohybrid catalyst in a one-step solvothermal route and investigated its catalytic performance in levulinic acid (LA) hydrogenation, a key platform molecule in many biorefinery schemes, to γ-valerolactone (GVL), employing formic acid as sustainable H2 source. The specific textural and chemical characteristics of as-synthesized nanohybrid materials were identified by XRD, XPS, FT-IR, 13C CP MAS NMR, HR-TEM, and FE-SEM with the corresponding elemental mapping and nitrogen physisorption studies. It was found that the nanohybrid Pd-Fe3O4/PPTPA-1 catalyst exhibited a substantially enhanced activity in comparison with the monometallic catalysts (Pd/PPTPA-1 and Fe3O4/PPTPA-1). Evidence of the electronic interaction between Pd and Fe attributable to the intrinsic hybrid synergistic effect is thought to be responsible for this superior catalytic performance and impro...
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