Abstract
Water pollution is one of the major challenges facing modern society because of industrial development and urban growth. This study is directed towards assessing the use of multiwall carbon nanotube, after derivatization and magnetization, as a new and renewable absorbent, to remove toxic metal ions from waste streams. The adsorbents were prepared by, first oxidation of multiwall carbon nanotube, then derivatizing the oxidized product with hydroxyl amine, hydrazine and amino acid. The adsorbents were characterized by various techniques. The adsorption efficiency of the multiwall carbon nanotube adsorbents toward Pb(II) was investigated. The effect of adsorbent’s dose, temperature, pH, and time on the adsorption efficiency were studied and the adsorption parameters that gave the highest efficiency were determined. The derivatives have unique coordination sites that included amine, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups, which are excellent chelating agents for metal ions. The thermodynamic and kinetic results analysis results indicated spontaneous adsorption of Pb(II) by the multiwall carbon nanotube adsorbents at room temperature. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorbents were regenerated using 0.1 N HCl.
Highlights
Metal water pollution is a major environmental concern as some are highly toxic elements, even at low concentrations [1]
The acid chloride was converted to hydroxamate, hydrazine and amino acids by reacting it with hydroxyl amine (HA), hydrazine (HYD) and cystine (CYS), respectively. The presence of these functionalities was confirmed by FTIR, which shows that when multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-COOH was modified by HA, HYD, and CYS, several new peaks appeared in the spectra
The results demonstrate that at lower concentrations, the ratio of the number of metal ions to the existing sorption sites is low and the adsorption under these conditions is independent of the initial concentration
Summary
Metal water pollution is a major environmental concern as some are highly toxic elements, even at low concentrations [1]. The toxicity of heavy metals is an inevitable consequence as they accumulate in the soft tissues of the human body [2,3]. These metals might enter the human body through different ways, among these is drinking water, and unlike organic pollutants, heavy metal ions are nonbiodegradable. Lead is considered one of the most toxic metals, it has access to the human body via ingestion, inhalation or skin assimilation [5]. Lead is absorbed and stored in bones, blood, and tissues [6]. Lead can cross the blood-brain barrier and destroys myelin sheaths of neurons, decreases their numbers, inhibits with neurotransmission routes and reduces the growth of neurons [7]
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