Abstract
Two of Maxwell’s equations of electrodynamics are: and , where E, B and are electric field, magnetic field, and electric charge density respectively. A fundamental question that the physics community is perplexed with since the 19C is this: Why the second of these equations is not where is the magnetic charge density? Put in a slightly different way, it is an empirical fact of nature that magnets have two poles, namely, north and south poles. Why is it that objects with a single north or south pole do not appear to exist? No one has ever observed an isolated excess of one kind of magnetic charge—an isolated north pole, for example! Further, there does not exist any theoretical explanation why magnetic charges do not exist. The only conclusion that can be drawn from the more than one hundred and fifty years of fruitless search is that ordinary matter consists of electric charges (electric monopoles) and not magnetic charges (magnetic monopoles)! In this paper, we disprove this conclusion by showing that magnetic monopoles exist even though we cannot isolate them.
Highlights
It is an empirical fact that the magnetic field outside a magnetized rod looks like the electric field outside a rod that has an excess of positive charge at one end and negative charge at the other end of the rod
Why is it that objects with a single north or south pole do not appear to exist? No one has ever observed an isolated excess of one kind of magnetic charge—an isolated north pole, for example! Further, there does not exist any theoretical explanation why magnetic charges do not exist
The only conclusion that can be drawn from the more than one hundred and fifty years of fruitless search is that ordinary matter consists of electric charges and not magnetic charges! In this paper, we disprove this conclusion by showing that magnetic monopoles exist even though we cannot isolate them
Summary
It is an empirical fact that the magnetic field outside a magnetized rod looks like the electric field outside a rod that has an excess of positive charge at one end and negative charge at the other end of the rod. The implication of this analogy is that one end of the magnetized rod is the location of the excess of one kind of magnetic charge and the other end the location of the excess of the opposite kind. Continuing this analogy, we can call one end of the magnetized rod positive magnetic charge (north pole) and the other end negative magnetic charge (south pole), with the magnetic field directed from positive magnetic charge and terminating at the negative magnetic charge
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