Abstract
Sentinel lymph node dissection (sLND) using a magnetometer and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a tracer was successfully applied in prostate cancer (PCa). Radioisotope-guided sLND combined with extended pelvic LND (ePLND) achieved better node removal, increasing the number of affected nodes or the detection of sentinel lymph nodes outside the established ePLND template. We determined the diagnostic value of additional magnetometer-guided sLND after intraprostatic SPION-injection in high-risk PCa. This retrospective study included 104 high-risk PCa patients (PSA >20 ng/mL and/or Gleason score ≥ 8 and/or cT2c) from a prospective cohort who underwent radical prostatectomy with magnetometer-guided sLND and ePLND. The diagnostic accuracy of sLND was assessed using ePLND as a reference standard. Lymph node metastases were found in 61 of 104 patients (58.7%). sLND had a 100% diagnostic rate, 96.6% sensitivity, 95.6% specificity, 96.6% positive predictive value, 95.6% negative predictive value, 3.4% false negative rate, and 4.4% false positive rate (detecting lymph node metastases outside the ePLND template). These findings demonstrate the high sensitivity and additional diagnostic value of magnetometer-guided sLND, exceeding that of ePLND through the individualized extension of PLND or the detection of sentinel lymph nodes/lymph node metastases outside the established node template in high-risk PCa.
Highlights
Lymph node (LN) status is a crucial and therapeutically relevant prognostic factor for prostate cancer (PCa)
In a recent systematic literature review, the diagnostic accuracy of sentinel-guided LN dissection was determined by evaluating data from 21 studies (2509 patients). These findings revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of targeted Sentinel lymph node dissection (sLND) and extended pelvic LND (ePLND) were almost the same. sLND combined with ePLND achieved better node removal by increasing the number of affected nodes in 5% of cases, indicating therapeutic potential [11]
SLNs were localized outside the established ePLND template
Summary
Lymph node (LN) status is a crucial and therapeutically relevant prognostic factor for prostate cancer (PCa). Using LN status, the risks of progression can be calculated and appropriate adjuvant therapy can be planned. There is increasing evidence for the positive therapeutic effects of pelvic. LN dissection (PLND) or resecting LN metastases, in patients with minimal LN invasion (LNI) [1,2,3,4]. Despite recent advances in imaging, PLND remains the most reliable method for LN staging in clinically localized PCa. the reliability of these procedures is limited by their spatial resolution, which limits the sensitivity (49–66%) of detecting LN (micro)metastases [5].
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