Abstract
The magnetic induction assisted technique is an alternative heating method for hydrothermal zeolite synthesis with a higher heat-transfer rate than that of the conventional convection oil bath technique. The research demonstrates, for the first time, the application of the magnetic induction heating technique with direct surface contact for zeolite synthesis. The magnetic induction enables direct contact between the heat source and the reactor, thereby bypassing the resistance of the heating medium layer. A comparative heat-transfer analysis between the two methods shows the higher heat-transfer rate by the magnetic induction heating technique is due to (1) eight-time higher overall heat-transfer coefficient, attributed to the absence of the resistance of the heating medium layer and (2) the higher temperature difference between the heating source and the zeolite gel. Thereby, this heating technique shows promise for application in the large-scale synthesis of zeolites due to its associated efficient heat transfer. Thus, it can provide more flexibility to the synthesis method under the non-stirred condition, which can create possibilities for the successful large-scale synthesis of a broad range of zeolites.
Highlights
The magnetic field is created in this way: the 220 V, 50 Hz alternating current is applied to the induction coil of the magnetic induction heater, creating an alternating electromagnetic field with a frequency of approximately 25 kHz and amplitude in the order of a few micro-tesla
The analysis of heat transfer using the oil bath technique (2000 W, max. temp. 95 ◦C) for zeolite synthesis is conducted for comparison with the magnetic induction heating technique
The zeolite products synthesized by two different heating techniques are sampled at different locations in the reactor: rim, center, and the rest of the bulk
Summary
They can be natural or synthetic [1]. They have a three-dimensional framework structure, which has an open pore with a size of approximately 0.3–1 nm [2] Due to their high surface area, numerous active sites, high thermal and chemical stability, and shape selectivity, zeolites are widely used in many industrial applications as adsorbents, ion-exchangers, and catalysts [3–7]. Most of their applications are relevant to environmental remediation and renewable energy for a sustainable society [8–12]. Zeolites are the largest volume used as ion-exchangers for reducing the hardness of the water in detergent application. The highest market value of zeolites is as catalysts, in refineries because of their unique properties
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