Abstract
In this study, the MGO@SnO as a new nanocatalyst with diverse chemical/physical properties was generated by the combination of graphene oxide covered with magnetic iron oxide (MGO) and tin oxide (SnO(x)) nanoparticles used for biodiesel production from soybean oil. Before GC-FID analysis, the nanostructured MGO@SnO was successfully employed to transesterify soybean oil to FAMEs (biodiesel). The proposed material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Given the acidic-alkaline nature of the proposed catalyst, it has a strong probability of creating carbocation ions to attack with methanol and subsequently converting the triglycerides to methyl ester (FAMEs). In further experiments, it was found that the ideal reaction parameters were a ratio of MGO to SnO of 1:0.5, a molar ratio of soybean oil to methanol (MeOH) of 1:10, a reaction period of 180 min, and a reaction temperature of 120 °C. Furthermore, the MGO@SnO catalyst demonstrated adequate catalytic performance (>88 %) for transforming the triglycerides of soybean oil to FAMEs (biodiesel) as compared to pure SnO NPs (74 %) and plain MGO (69 %) at similar conditions.
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