Magnetic Field Perturbations from Currents in the Dark Polar Regions During Quiet Geomagnetic Conditions

Abstract

In the day-side sunlit polar ionosphere the varying and IMF dependent convection creates strong ionospheric currents even during quiet geomagnetic conditions. Observations during such times are often excluded when using satellite data to model the internal geomagnetic main field. Observations from the night-side or local winter during quiet conditions are, however, also influenced by variations in the IMF. In this paper we briefly review the large scale features of the ionospheric currents in the polar regions with emphasis on the current distribution during undisturbed conditions. We examine the distribution of scalar measurements of the magnetic field intensity minus predictions from a geomagnetic field model. These ‘residuals’ fall into two main categories. One category is consistently distributed according to the well-known ionospheric plasma convection and its associated Birkeland currents. The other category represent contributions caused by geomagnetic activity related to the substorm current wedge around local magnetic midnight. A new observation is a strong IMF $B_{y}$ control of the residuals in the midnight sector indicating larger ionospheric currents in the substorm current wedge in the northern polar region for $B_{y} > 0$ and correspondingly in the southern hemisphere for $B_{y} < 0$ .