Abstract
In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticle-loaded biochar derived from the pomelo peel (FO-PPB) was synthesized and applied as an affordable material for the adsorption of Reactive Red 21 (RR21) in an aqueous solution. The characteristics of FO-PPB were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. The adsorption process of FO-PPB with RR21 was evaluated through batch experiments to examine various parameters including solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial RR21 concentration, and solution temperature. Results show that FO-PPB produced by the impregnation ratio between iron (Fe) and pomelo peel biochar (PPB) of 5 : 1 (w/w) had the best adsorption performance. The adsorption capacities of PPB and FO-PPB at optimum experimental conditions (solution pH 3, contact time of 60 min, solution temperature of 40°C, initial RR21 concentration of 300 mg/L, and adsorbent dose of 2 g/L) were 18.59 and 26.25 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of RR21 on PPB and FO5-PPB were described well by Langmuir and Sips models with high R2 values of 0.9826 and 0.9854 for FO5-PPB and 0.9701 and 0.9903 for PPB, respectively. The obtained data also well matched the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models with R2 values ≥ 0.96. Chemisorption through sharing or electronic exchange was determined as the main adsorption mechanism.
Highlights
Industrial activities such as the production of paint, textile, printing, petrochemical, and cosmetics have positively affected the socioeconomic development
The adsorption capacity of modified materials is enhanced. is result was further illustrated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) spectra
Required experiments were conditioned at various solution pH from 3 to 11 to determine the effects of various solution pH on Reactive Red 21 (RR21) adsorption by pomelo peel biochar (PPB) and FO5-PPB. e results show that the adsorption capacity of RR21 decreased
Summary
Industrial activities such as the production of paint, textile, printing, petrochemical, and cosmetics have positively affected the socioeconomic development. Fe3O4 magnetic pomelo peel powder was synthesized for the adsorption of Cu2+ [32] and oil-polluted water [33] from an aqueous solution. At is why, this study developed a new adsorbent by modifying pomelo peel biochar and iron nanoparticles derived from Fe3O4 to treat Reactive Red 21 from an aqueous solution. E aim of this study, was to (i) develop a new adsorbent from synthesizing magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle pomelo peel biochar and (2) assess the adsorption capacity of Reactive Red 21 (RR21) from an aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under several operational conditions (including various impregnation ratios of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle pomelo peel biochar, initial pH values, contact times, adsorbent dosages, and initial RR21 concentrations). Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were used in order to evaluate adsorption processes
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