Magnetic Dipole and Mixed Convective Effect on Boundary Layer Flow of Ferromagnetic Micropolar Hybrid Nanofluid

Abstract

An area of significant interest in research involves the study of magnetic ferrofluids with nanoparticles suspensions, owing to their wide array of applications. A powerful magnetic dipole, in conjunction with an applied magnetic field, enhances the saturation of magnetic particles. Keeping in mind, the endeavor aims to analyze the flow of a ferromagnetic micropolar hybrid nanofluid as it passes a shrinking wall considering the impact of mixed convection and magnetic dipole. Apposite similarity transformations are utilized to transform the partial differential equations into the relevant nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The acquired system of differential equations is tackled through the effective shooting method to find a solution. The RKF45 method in MATLAB is employed to numerically solve this system of equations. By providing two distinct initial guesses, the analysis reveals the presence of dual solutions. The comparison with earlier published results in the literature shows a high level of agreement. Critical values for the shrinking parameter and suction/injection parameter have been obtained. The study delves into the impact of emerging variables on various aspects, including temperature profile, velocity profile, microrotation velocity profile, skin friction coefficient, and the reduced Nusselt number through the presentation of graphs and tables. The significant outcome of the current endeavor is that the solution to the flow problem is feasible for a range of both s and χ and beyond which there exists no solution. It also clarifies that the flow requires a considerable amount of suction to be feasible. The current effort also shows that the increasing value of both s and χ decreases reduced Nusselt number √1/(Re)Nu and increases skin friction coefficient √ReCf.