Abstract

Abstract The basic concepts of magnetic order in crystals are reviewed, including magnetic unit cells, propagation vectors and magnetic domains. Some commonly-occuring magnetic structures are discussed, such as ferromagnets, antiferromagnets, ferrimagnets, and noncollinear and incommensurate magnetic structures. The differential cross-section for neutron diffraction from a magnetic structure is derived, and the magnetic structure factor is defined. The use of neutron polarization analysis, including spherical neutron polarimetry, in the determination of magnetic structures and of the spatial distribution of magnetization is described in detail. Diffuse magnetic scattering due to magnetic frustration and magnetic phase transitions is discussed, and the relevance of the static approximation is explained. Neutron diffraction studies of nuclear spin order are described.

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