Abstract
This study aimed to systematically understand the magnetic properties of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles functionalized with different Pluronic F-127 surfactant concentrations (Fe3O4@Pluronic F-127) obtained by using an improved magnetic characterization method based on three-dimensional magnetic maps generated by scanning magnetic microscopy. Additionally, these Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@Pluronic F-127 nanoparticles, as promising systems for biomedical applications, were prepared by a wet chemical reaction. The magnetization curve was obtained through these three-dimensional maps, confirming that both Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@Pluronic F-127 nanoparticles have a superparamagnetic behavior. The as-prepared samples, stored at approximately 20 °C, showed no change in the magnetization curve even months after their generation, resulting in no nanoparticles free from oxidation, as Raman measurements have confirmed. Furthermore, by applying this magnetic technique, it was possible to estimate that the nanoparticles’ magnetic core diameter was about 5 nm. Our results were confirmed by comparison with other techniques, namely as transmission electron microscopy imaging and diffraction together with Raman spectroscopy. Finally, these results, in addition to validating scanning magnetic microscopy, also highlight its potential for a detailed magnetic characterization of nanoparticles.
Highlights
A spectrum of current studies in nanotechnology highlights the rapid advance that has been taking place in this area of science, especially in medical applications
We report a magnetization method improvement, where the maps obtained by a home-built scanning magnetic microscope (SMM) are three-dimensional (3D) instead of the in-line technique obtained through maps in two-dimensional (2D) mode, as previously developed by Araujo et al [33]
The structural properties of the s ples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microsco
Summary
A spectrum of current studies in nanotechnology highlights the rapid advance that has been taking place in this area of science, especially in medical applications. In any study where we relate these two areas, we need to use materials with high biocompatibility or combine them to achieve that. In this way, research on this topic focuses on developing new biomaterial assembly techniques to functionalize inorganic nanomaterials, in specific magnetic nanoparticles [4,5]. In the presence of a magnetic field, MNPs can be driven to a specific location, increasing the drug concentration [14,15]. In this case, it is essential to study the magnetic response of MNPs, expecting that such materials have a superparamagnetic behavior at near room temperature, which is necessary to avoid particle agglomeration due to a remaining magnetization [6,15,16,17]
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