Magnetic Bi-harmonic differential operators on Riemannian manifolds and the separation problem

Abstract

In this paper we obtain sufficient conditions for the bi-harmonic differential operator A = ΔE2 + q to be separated in the space L2 (M) on a complete Riemannian manifold (M,g) with metric g, where ΔE is the magnetic Laplacian onM and q ≥ 0 is a locally square integrable function on M. Recall that, in the terminology of Everitt and Giertz, the differential operator A is said to be separated in L2 (M) if for all u ∈ L2 (M) such that Au ∈ L2 (M) we have ΔE2u ∈ L2 (M) and qu ∈ L2 (M).