Abstract
NiO nanoparticles (4 nm–80 nm diameter) are investigated by SQUID magnetometry. Hysteresis loops at various temperatures and susceptibility versus temperature measurements using field-cooled/zero-field cooled protocols at various magnetic fields are performed. The measurements give evidence for a strong increase of magnetic moments with decreasing size of NiO nanoparticles. From the dependence of the magnetic moment on temperature and external field, blocked superparamagnetism is observed superimposed to the core antiferromagnetism of NiO-particles. A quantitative estimate demonstrates that uncompensated surface spins contribute to a ferromagnetic-like hysteresis modelled by a broad distribution of anisotropy fields at the surface induced by the antiferromagnetic core.
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