Abstract
Single phase BiFeO3 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized for the first time by a novel citrate combustion method without using any solvent. Well mixed metal nitrates along with citric acid which is used as fuel combust to give BiFeO3 nanoparticles after annealing. These particles are single phase in nature and crystallize in the rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure (space group-R3c) which has been confirmed by the Rietveld refinement of the room temperature powder x-ray diffraction data. Nearly spherical particles of average particle size 47 nm have been seen from transmission electron micrograph. Room temperature magnetic hysteresis measurement shows weak ferromagnetism though the magnetization does not saturate upto 1.75 T applied field. The coercive field value is calculated to be 180 Oe which is 3 times higher than that prepared by solvent free combustion method using glycine. 57 Fe Mössbauer spectrum can be fitted with a sextet corresponding to single magnetic state of hyperfine field about 49.5 T corresponding to Fe 3+ state of the iron atom. The dielectric relaxation and ac conductivity as a function of frequency have been discussed. High dielectric permittivity has not been found in these nanoparticles like other reported BiFeO3 ceramics.
Highlights
Multiferroic materials are compounds which show more than one ferroic or anti-ferroic properties in the single phase sample
We present our work on synthesis of pure phase BiFeO3 nanoparticles prepared by a novel combustion method using metal nitrates and citric acid in absence of solvent
BiFeO3 nanoparticles have been prepared by a combustion method using metal nitrates and citric acid but without using any solvent
Summary
Multiferroic materials are compounds which show more than one ferroic or anti-ferroic properties (like ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, ferroelastic etc,) in the single phase sample. In these material ferroic properties are coupled with each other [1]. Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) is one of the examples of the multiferroic material which crystallizes in the distorted perovskite structure It shows G-type antiferromagnetic ordering below Neel temperature TN = 370 °C and ferroeletricity below TC = 830 °C [4, 5]. Layek and Verma dielectric properties is studied in order to understand the electrical properties
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