Magnetic and 57Fe hyperfine structural features of nitrided austenitic stainless steel

Abstract

Samples of an austenitic stainless steel were plasma-nitrided at 673 K, for 4 h, in 80% H2−20% N2 gas mixture, at different pressures: 4; 6 and 10 Torr. The samples were characterized by four different techniques: X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetic force microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray. The nitrogen concentration and thickness of the nitrided layer was found to be 7 at.% and 2 μm for the 4 Torr-sample; for those at 6 and 10 Torr, the concentration was 16 and 24 at.%, with nearly the same thickness, namely 7 μm. These values are well correlated with the framework of an expanded austenite, as pointed by the X-ray diffraction data. The magnetic force microscopy data are well correlated with the observed nitrogen concentration, evidencing the absence of any magnetic domain for the 4 Torr-sample; the magnetic patterns for the 6 Torr and 10 Torr-samples are quite similar, despite of the great difference in their nitrogen concentrations. The 57Fe hyperfine parameters at two different sample depths were assessed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, by collecting data with two distinct backscattering setup geometries. Fitting the corresponding spectra with model-independent hyperfine field distributions, starting from very low hyperfine field values, allowed correlating the magnetic force microscopy data to find out that the transition from paramagnetic to magnetic for the expanded austenite occurs at smaller hyperfine magnetic fields than it is usually reported in the scientific literature. Such correlations point to the formation of a submicrometer layer occurring on the outermost surface of the sample. Despite the complexity and difficulties in differentiating the nitrides and the martensitic structure on the surface of the samples obtained at 6 Torr and 10 Torr pressures, the results obtained in this work strongly indicate the existence of them in the surface layer.