Abstract
Precious metals which include the platinum group, gold, and silver, play indispensable roles in high technology industries of the modern world due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. As a result of diminishing availability of mineral sources, increasing demand, and environmental concerns, the recovery of precious metals from both leaching and industrial waste solutions is becoming a very important technology. Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) is a technique that has received substantial consideration in the separation and recovery of precious metals because of the many advantages it offers compared to conventional methods. This technique is based on the extraction of different analytes from solutions using solid adsorbents with magnetic properties. This review focuses on different types of magnetic adsorbents, the main procedures used for synthesis, characterization and their application in precious metals recovery based on recently published literatures.
Highlights
The rare and naturally-existing metallic chemical elements of high economic value are collectively known as precious metals (PMs)
The authors noted a decrease in the surface area of the synthesized magnetic adsorbents and explained that the aminosilanization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) contributed to such phenomenon
The paper by Tahmasebi and Yamini (2014) [92] on precious metals adsorption on magnetic nanoparticles modified with polythiophene, reported that 0.01 M HNO3 solution was suitable for the elution of palladium from polythiophene-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles as a selective adsorbent, and 1 M thiourea for gold and silver desorption, while, copper can be eluted by both thiourea (1 M)
Summary
The rare and naturally-existing metallic chemical elements of high economic value are collectively known as precious metals (PMs). Iron oxides such as magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) and maghemite (γ-Fe2 O3 ), have received considerable attention attributable to their particle size and high surface area which contributes to faster kinetics and improved extraction efficiency for analytes and have considered as novel sorbents materials in SPE. Their superparamagnetic property allows the easy handling of adsorbents upon exposure to an external magnetic field [46]. The unmodified magnetic particles precipitant which will cause the metal ions to precipitate out from the solution The advantages of this method include simple preparation, simpler reaction conditions and higher product purity.
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