Magnesium Oxide in Nanodimension: Model for MRI and Multimodal Therapy

M Waseem Akram,Seemab Iqbal,N Amin,Muhammad Ikram,T Munir,Salamat Ali,Khalid Mehmood-Ur-Rehman,K S Alimgeer,Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam,Alvina Rafiq Butt,Akbar Ali,Zhiming M Wang

doi:10.1155/2018/4210920

Abstract

The prime focus of this investigation is to determine which morphology of magnesium oxide (MgO) is nontoxic and accumulates in sufficient quantity to a human brain cellular/tissue model. Thus, nanostructured MgO was synthesized from a coprecipitation technique involving twin synthetic protocols and the resulting product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), size distribution histogram, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and elemental composition was confirmed by EDX analysis. They were tested for selective antigen response in a human brain cancer model through biodistribution, biotoxicity via MTT assay, and tissue morphology. In addition, the MRI compatibility of MgO nanostructures and immunofluorescence studies were investigated on nanoconjugates with different immunoglobulins in the brain section. The results indicated that MgO had some degree of bindings with the antigens. These results led to the empirical modeling of MgO nanomaterials towards toxicity in cancer cells by analyzing the statistical data obtained by experiments. All these results are providing new rational strategy with the concept of MgO for MRI and PTT/PDT.

Highlights

Since the last decades, the nanostructure form of magnesium oxide (MgO) is actively involved in the field of science and technology due to extensive applications in catalysis and biomedicine serves as a biocompatible coverage for many drug vehicle formations towards an in vitro/in vivo model, even significant localization/uptake in blood vessels without clotting, improving the visibility of a specific organ in the outcome of very low concentration
For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition, 4% isoflurane mixed in 0.3 l/min oxygen and 0.7 l/min nitrous was supplied to a ventilator box in which each rat was kept at constant 37°C temperature
The average calculated particle sizes (14 nm, 30 nm, and a diameter of ~10 nm and 12 nm) of samples from X-ray diffraction (XRD) are in good agreement with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Summary

Introduction

The nanostructure form of magnesium oxide (MgO) is actively involved in the field of science and technology due to extensive applications in catalysis and biomedicine serves as a biocompatible coverage for many drug vehicle formations towards an in vitro/in vivo model, even significant localization/uptake in blood vessels without clotting, improving the visibility of a specific organ in the outcome of very low concentration. Self-assembled MgO/Fe is a very inspiring material for the MRI contrast agent. Dynamic MgO enhancement for MRI purpose is more suitable for acute group retroperitoneal fibrosis relative to chronic group fibrosis. For drug delivery and magnetic-activated cell storing application, MgO acts as a milestone and participates very actively in the biomedical field. The major flaw of conventional therapies is nonsignificant bioavailability of drugs towards targeted sites [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

Methods

Results

Conclusion