Abstract
Magnesium hydride and selected magnesium-based ternary hydride (Mg2FeH6, Mg2NiH4, and Mg2CoH5) syntheses and modification methods, as well as the properties of the obtained materials, which are modified mostly by mechanical synthesis or milling, are reviewed in this work. The roles of selected additives (oxides, halides, and intermetallics), nanostructurization, polymorphic transformations, and cyclic stability are described. Despite the many years of investigations related to these hydrides and the significant number of different additives used, there are still many unknown factors that affect their hydrogen storage properties, reaction yield, and stability. The described compounds seem to be extremely interesting from a theoretical point of view. However, their practical application still remains debatable.
Highlights
In recent decades, the need for new energy carriers has increased [1]
Hydrogen is an important element of the energy chain of alternative energy sources because of its environmental compatibility and efficiency and because it is thought to be adequate for mobile applications [9]
The authors suggested that the improved kinetics were connected with the fast diffusion of hydrogen through the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) cores, and they proposed that the increase in the equilibrium pressure of hydrogen is related to the elastic constraints placed on the magnesium matrix by the carbon nanotubes
Summary
The need for new energy carriers has increased [1]. High and still growing worldwide energy consumption [2] (mainly based on fossil fuels) has greatly influenced irreversible global climate change [3]. Crivello et al [53] reviewed the problems related to MgH2, including theoretical explanations and DFT modeling of structure and phase diagrams, methods of MgH2 processing, including ball milling (BM), and more unique techniques (such as severe plastic deformation and plasma-enhanced synthesis), and the behavior of magnesium pellets In their second review paper [54], they focused mostly on the destabilization reactions and use of alloying elements leading to drastic changes in reaction enthalpy. Each of the recently published reviews addressed magnesium-related problems with great care, putting stress on different aspects In this scope review, we have chosen magnesium, Mg2NiH4, Mg2FeH6 and Mg2CoH5 (which can sometimes be treated as MgH2 derivatives) since in many cases, these materials coexist or can successfully replace each other in chosen applications due only slight differences in properties. It must be strongly stressed that several other important subjects are outside of the scope of this work
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