Abstract
The design and development of novel magnesium-based materials with suitable alloying elements and bio-ceramic reinforcements can act as a possible solution to the ever-increasing demand of high performance bioresorbable orthopedic implant. In the current study, Mg-β-tricalcium phosphate composites are synthesized using the hybrid powder metallurgy technique, followed by hot extrusion. The influence of addition of (0.5, 1, and 1.5) vol % β-tricalcium phosphate on the mechanical, damping, and immersion characteristics of pure magnesium are studied. The addition of β-tricalcium phosphate enhanced the yield strength, ultimate compressive strength, and compressive fracture strain of pure magnesium by about ~34%, ~53%, and ~22%, respectively. Also, Mg 1.5 vol % β-tricalcium phosphate composite exhibited a ~113% enhancement in the damping characteristics when compared to pure magnesium. A superior ~70% reduction in the grain size was observed by the addition of 1.5 vol % β-tricalcium phosphate particles to pure Mg. The response of Mg-β-tricalcium phosphate composites is studied under the influence of chloride environment using Hanks’ balanced salt solution. The dynamic passivation was realized faster for the composite samples as compared to pure Mg, which resulted in decreased corrosion rates with the addition of β-tricalcium phosphate particles to pure Mg.
Highlights
Bone is a natural composite that is made up of hydroxyapatite and type I collagen [1]
Magnesium powder of purity ≥98.5% with a size range of 60–300 μm, supplied by Merck, Germany was used as the base material. β-tricalcium phosphate with a size range of 0.7–4.6 μm and a purity of ≥96%
The experimental density of Pure Mg slightly increased with the incorporation of β-tricalcium phosphates (TCP), and Mg-1.5
Summary
Bone is a natural composite that is made up of hydroxyapatite and type I collagen [1]. Metal-based biomaterials, like 316 L stainless steel, Ti6Al4V alloy, and Co-Cr biomedical alloy, amongst others, have been long used as commercial orthopaedic implants These implant materials perform the suitable function of assisting in bone remodelling and resorption, a mismatch in elastic modulus between these materials and the bone induces several stress-shielding effects on the bone/implant interface, inducing severe pains to the patient [1]. Incorporation of bio-ceramics, like hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphates (TCP), both forms of calcium phosphates, into the Mg matrix seems very promising in the field of bone regeneration Do they exhibit superior biocompatibility and no visible signs of systemic and local toxicity, and their crystal structure and chemical composition are close to the mineral parts of bone, which may help in tailoring the desired biological properties. Its influence as reinforcement on the mechanical, damping, and immersion response of Mg matrix that is synthesized using solid-state blend-press-sinter powder metallurgy technique is not available in the public domain, which is the novelty of the current study
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