Abstract
BackgroundSome of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance.ResultsIn this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was implemented to identify altered metabolites in transgenic rice containing over-expressed M. oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) that was infected at three-time points. The characterized dominating metabolites were organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, lipids, and lipid-like molecules. Among the identified metabolites, shikimate, galactinol, trehalose, D-mannose, linolenic acid, dopamine, tyramine, and L-glutamine are precursors for the synthesis of many secondary defense metabolites Carbohydrate, as well as amino acid metabolic, pathways were revealed to be involved in plant defense responses and resistance strengthening.ConclusionThe increasing salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content enhanced interactions between JA synthesis/signaling gene, SA synthesis/receptor gene, raffinose/fructose/sucrose synthase gene, and cell wall-related genes all contribute to defense response in rice. The symptoms of rice after M. oryzae infection were significantly alleviated when treated with six identified metabolites, i.e., galactol, tyramine, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, α-terpinene, and dopamine for 72 h exogenously. Therefore, these metabolites could be utilized as an optimal metabolic marker for M. oryzae defense.
Highlights
Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance
Differential metabolites identified from MoSDT1transgenic line inoculated with blast strain Primary metabolites of M. oryzae-infected MoSDT1transgenic rice at 0 h, 72 h, and 120 h were identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF MS
Compared with M. oryzae-infected wild type rice, 154 differential metabolites were identified in MoSDT1-transgenic rice when infected with M. oryzae at the time point of 0 h (Supplementary Table 1)
Summary
Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance. Carbohydrates and amino acids are the primary metabolites responsible to combat the stress in plants [7]. Diverse organic oxygen compounds [9], lipids [10], benzenoids [11], and organic acids [12] play an important role in plant defense responses. Critical metabolic pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, galactose metabolism, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, ABC transporters, etc., are activated when plants are infected by pathogens [8]. The understanding of certain related pathways in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ABC transporters could provide a provoking insight for a more specific genetic modification platform to strengthen plant resistance systems
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