Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA) is known to induce lipid accumulation in the liver. In the present study, we investigated the effects of magma seawater (MS) rich in minerals on hepatic lipid metabolism by evaluating lipogenic enzymes regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). Rats (n = 10 per group) were intraperitoneally injected with TAA (200 mg/kg bw) thrice a week for seven weeks in combination with a respective experimental diet. Rats in the TAA-treated group received either a chow diet (Control group) or a chow diet containing MS (TMS group, 2.05%) or silymarin (TSM group, 0.05%). Rats in the normal group were injected with PBS as a vehicle and received a chow diet. Rats in the TMS group showed significantly lower hepatic lipid concentrations than rats in the control group (p < 0.05). Hepatic protein expression levels of fatty acid synthase, SREBP-1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, and SREBP-2 were significantly downregulated in the TMS group, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 levels were upregulated (p < 0.05). Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were lower in the TMS group, whereas protein levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase were elevated (p < 0.05). The effects of MS were comparable to those of silymarin. Our results evidently showed that MS inhibits hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressing lipid synthesis, accompanied by lipid oxidation and elevation of antioxidative status.
Highlights
The health-promoting effects of deep seawater have been studied in terms of antioxidative [1], anti-inflammatory [2], anti-obesity [3], and anti-diabetic effects [4]
Magma seawater, which is filtered through basaltic rocks, has
Magma seawater, which is filtered through basaltic rocks, hasbeen beenrecognized recognizedas asaanew newsource source of mineral water water that isthat freeisfrom and isand valued for its mineral content, similar to deep of mineral free contaminants from contaminants is valued forhigh its high mineral content, similar to deep seawater
Summary
The health-promoting effects of deep seawater have been studied in terms of antioxidative [1], anti-inflammatory [2], anti-obesity [3], and anti-diabetic effects [4]. Magma seawater is underground seawater that is naturally filtered by basaltic rocks in Jeju Island, Korea. The characteristics of magma seawater are similar to those of deep seawater but is more accessible because it is found between. Magma seawater contains sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), and germanium (Ge) [6]. The health benefits of trace minerals are well established. The antioxidant effects of V were demonstrated to exert health benefits against obesity and diabetes [7,8]. Beneficial effects of Se, Ge, Sn, Mg, and Ca on liver function have been reported [11,12,13,14]
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