Abstract
<p class="1Body">The mechanism of Gas-Liquid Imbalance (GLI-mechanism) is applied to the theoretical description of the behavior of the magmatic system for different types of volcanic eruptions. It is shown that physical interaction of contacting volumes of magma and gaseous fluid under certain critical conditions can lead to the formation of stratovolcano and caldera. With unified theoretical positions the development of Strombolian, Plinian, Hawaiian, areal and high-explosive volcanic eruption is discussed.</p>
Highlights
Mechanisms of Volcanic EruptionModern scientific ideas about the structure of the Globe are based on the fact that the Earth’s crust was formed due to cooling of juvenile magmatic melt which is still at depths of several tens of kilometers and from time to time is erupting to the surface as a result of volcano activity
The mechanism of Gas-Liquid Imbalance (GLI-mechanism) is applied to the theoretical description of the behavior of the magmatic system for different types of volcanic eruptions
It is shown that physical interaction of contacting volumes of magma and gaseous fluid under certain critical conditions can lead to the formation of stratovolcano and caldera
Summary
Modern scientific ideas about the structure of the Globe are based on the fact that the Earth’s crust was formed due to cooling of juvenile magmatic melt which is still at depths of several tens of kilometers and from time to time is erupting to the surface as a result of volcano activity. There are two most popular models of basaltic volcanism: the Rise Speed Dependence (RSD)-model, where the acceleration and eruption occur due to magma defragmentation and expansion of gas bubbles; the Collapse Foam (CF)-model, where gas bubbles accumulated inside plumbing system attain some critical volume, rise with magma and erupt out from volcano (Parfitt, 2004). As for the CF- model, it is unclear how a large volume gas bubble can push out magma column It can float in the magma as a buoyant object or like a slug and explode near the surface, but that does not explain the lava fountains working for days and even months (Parfitt, 2004). A physical mechanism of the Imbalance of the contacting liquid and gas volumes proposed and analyzed in (Belousov, Belousova, & Nechayev, 2013) could eliminate contradictions and play the universal role. We will show how this mechanism can naturally explain the "standard" stratovolcano formation as well as such nontrivial phenomena as Caldera forming eruptions and the formation of monogenetic cinder cones
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