Abstract
The article shows that Mafia in Sicily has turned from an “archaic social movement” into an overarching “structure”, that influences all spheres of social life. It further shows that some kind of Mafia-capitalism of the Italian type is to be found in Russia too. The main thesis is that Mafia is not to be understood as a “violent entrepreneurship” only but as a “total social phenomenon” in the sense of Marcel Mauss. That means that the evolution of Mafia-type networks are the result of state failure and state destruction. Mafia generates and mediates trust in situations of generalized distrust. In other words, Mafia has turned from an archaic social movement into a new mechanism of social integration, which is to be found not only in South-Italy but in several modern societies.
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