Macrossomia Neonatal: Fatores de Risco e Complicações Pós-parto

Abstract

Introduction/Objectives: Neonatal macrosomia is used to describe newborns with a birth weight higher than certain limit, more frequently ≥4000 g. This has been associated to several complications during and postpartum, both for the mother and newborn. The aim of this study is to investigate which are the risk factors and complications most frequently associated to neonatal macrosomia in children born at the same period in two Portuguese hospitals: Senhora da Oliveira, Guimaraes (HSOG) and Cova da Beira (CHCB).Material and Methods: A case-control, observational and retrospective study was performed, including 860 newborns: 711 in the control group (birth weight between 2500 and 3999 g), 281 from CHCB and 430 from HSOG, and 149 in the macrosomic group (birth weight ≥4000 g), 30 from CHCB and 119 from HSOG. Risk factors for macrosomia and maternal and neonatal complications were compared with the control group, using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0® software.Results: There is an association between male infant, higher weight before pregnancy and higher gestacional age and macrosomia in both hospitals. Furthermore, it was associated with multiparity, macrosomic sibling and weight gained during pregnancy in HSOG and with maternal diabetes in CHCB. The complications associated with macrosomia were cephalopelvic disproportion, higher proportion of caesarean and shoulder dystocia in HSOG and hypoglycemia in CHCB.Conclusions: This study has shown an increase in maternal and neonatal complications with macrosomia. Eliminate modifiable risk factors is fundamental to decrease morbidity.