Macrosomia Rates in Women with Diet-Controlled Gestational Diabetes: A Retrospective Study.

Fatima Vally,Jeffrey Presneill,Thomas Cade

doi:10.1155/2017/4935397

Abstract

Background Current data on the rates of macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are heterogenous. No study has specifically examined macrosomia rates in women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes. Aims To compare the rates of macrosomia between mothers with diet-controlled GDM to mothers without diabetes mellitus. Methods A retrospective study in which all patients with diet-controlled GDM and singleton pregnancies in 2014 were considered for inclusion in the study. These cases were individually matched to mothers without GDM and without type 1 or 2 diabetes. Cases were matched to parity, age, and BMI. Controls were selected from the same year and as close as possible to the date of delivery of the case. Primary outcomes were macrosomia, defined by estimated fetal weight >90th centile and >95th centile (separately). Results The estimated adjusted odds ratio for the presence of maternal GDM in the presence of EFW > 90th percentile (adjusted for maternal age, BMI, gravidity, parity, baby gender, and EGA) was 0.63 (95% CI 0.30–1.3; P = 0.21). The estimated adjusted odds ratio for the association of maternal GDM and EFW > 95th percentile was 0.66 (95% CI 0.26–1.7; P = 0.38). Conclusions Our findings suggest that macrosomia is not increased in women with diet-controlled GDM. The study registration number is AQA 16/01.

Highlights

Current data on the rates of macrosomia in gestational diabetes are heterogeneous, highlighted by the inconsistent definitions of true macrosomia
The present study aimed to evaluate the proportion of macrosomia defined according to Australian growth chart values in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated only with dietary measures, using a retrospective analysis, in order to identify whether the babies of these women had a higher risk of macrosomia compared to a matched “low-risk” obstetric population without diabetes mellitus
Macrosomia may complicate up to 20–30% of patients with GDM based on heterogenous data, but most macrosomic babies are born to women without GDM [8]

Summary

Introduction

Current data on the rates of macrosomia in gestational diabetes are heterogeneous, highlighted by the inconsistent definitions of true macrosomia. There is a lack of data examining macrosomia rates in gestational diabetes patients whose diabetes is controlled by diet alone. Current data on the rates of macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are heterogenous. No study has examined macrosomia rates in women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes. A retrospective study in which all patients with diet-controlled GDM and singleton pregnancies in 2014 were considered for inclusion in the study. These cases were individually matched to mothers without GDM and without type 1 or 2 diabetes.

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Discussion

Conclusion