Abstract
AbstractWe present an overview of the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics from a quantum nanophotonics perspective. Particularly, we focus our attention on three aspects of the theory that are crucial for the description of quantum optical phenomena in nanophotonic structures. First, we review the light–matter interaction Hamiltonian itself, with special emphasis on its gauge independence and the minimal and multipolar coupling schemes. Second, we discuss the treatment of the external pumping of quantum optical systems by classical electromagnetic fields. Third, we introduce an exact, complete, and minimal basis for the field quantization in multiemitter configurations, which is based on the so-called emitter-centered modes. Finally, we illustrate this quantization approach in a particular hybrid metallodielectric geometry: two quantum emitters placed in the vicinity of a dimer of Ag nanospheres embedded in a SiN microdisk.
Highlights
In principle, quantum electrodynamics (QED) provides an “exact” approach for treating electromagnetic (EM) fields, charged particles, and their interactions, within a full quantum field theory where both matter and light are second quantized
We present an overview of the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics from a quantum nanophotonics perspective
We have presented a general overview of the application of the formalism of macroscopic QED in the context of quantum nanophotonics
Summary
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) provides an “exact” approach for treating electromagnetic (EM) fields, charged particles, and their interactions, within a full quantum field theory where both matter and light are second quantized (i.e., both photons and matter particles can be created and annihilated). We review in detail a somewhat nonstandard formulation of macroscopic QED that allows one to construct a minimal quantized basis for the EM field interacting with a collection of multiple quantum emitters This approach was first introduced by Buhmann and Welsch [39] and subsequently rediscovered independently by several other groups [40,41,42,43,44]. We note that with “minimal basis,” we are here referring to a minimal complete basis for the mediumassisted EM field, i.e., this basis contains all the information about the material structure playing the role of the cavity or antenna, and no approximations are made in obtaining it This makes it appropriate to serve as a starting point either for numerical treatments [45, 46] or for deriving simpler models where, e.g., the full EM spectrum is described by a few lossy modes [47]. We consider a dimer of metallic nanospheres placed within a dielectric microdisk, a geometry that is similar to that considered by Doeleman et al [50]
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