Macroscopic and Microscopic Study of Allium sativum (Garlic) Oil Effects on Post-Operative Intra-Abdominal Adhesion in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Male Rats

Abstract

Backgrounds: Development of peritoneal adhesions has been studied extensively, but to date, no definitive strategy has been implemented to prevent their formation. In the present study, garlic oil has been investigated as a possible option. Aim: To prevent post-operative intra-abdominal adhesion in both diabetic and non-diabetic rats by using garlic oil. Methodology: An experimental study including sixty adult male albino rats weighing 200-250 gm. were divided to six equal groups. Diabetes was induced in rats of three groups using a single dose of 120 mg alloxan/kg/BW. All rats underwent laparotomy at which cecal wall abrasion and abdominal wall injuries were induced. Group A (negative control) underwent no procedures; Groups B (positive control) underwent diabetic induction. Group C underwent cecal abrasion procedure and received saline 5 ml/kg/BW intraperitoneally. Group D underwent abrasion and received garlic oil 5 ml/kg/BW intraperitoneally. Group E underwent abrasion, diabetes induction and received saline 5 ml/kg/ BW. Group F underwent abrasion, diabetes induction and received garlic oil 5 ml/kg/BW. All rats were sacrificed on day 14 postoperative, and the severity of adhesions was evaluated using histo-pathological fibrosis parameters and immune-histochemical staining to identify the fibro vascular tissue nature. Results: Significant differences were found between the groups regarding macroscopic adhesion scores, inflammation, fibrosis and neo-vascularization (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.005, respectively). Macroscopic and histo-pathologic adhesion scores were the lowest in the garlic oil-treated diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Conclusion: The results of our study revealed the effectiveness of garlic oil in reducing postoperative adhesions in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats.