Abstract
Since the financial crisis started in the banking sector, the work on macroprudential supervision has primarily focused on banks. Dedicated macroprudential tools for banks emerged in 2010 (Lim, 2011). The countercyclical capital buffer (Drehmann et al., 2010) was adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). Other tools, such as limits on loan to value and loan to income, higher Risk-Weighted Assets (RWAs), or capital charges on the use of non-core funding instruments, have become part of a recommended macroprudential toolkit (IMF, 2011). Since 2011, 29 global systemically important banks have been identified by the FSB and are subject to systemic capital surcharges ranging from 1 to 2.5% of RWAs, as well as obligations in terms of resolution and contingency plans.
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