Abstract
Current immunosuppressive therapy has led to excellent short-term survival rates in organ transplantation. However, long-term graft survival rates are suboptimal, and a vast number of allografts are gradually lost in the clinic. An increasing number of animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages play a pivotal role in graft rejection, as these mononuclear phagocytic cells recognize alloantigens and trigger an inflammatory cascade that activate the adaptive immune response. Moreover, recent studies suggest that monocytes acquire a feature of memory recall response that is associated with a potent immune response. This form of memory is called “trained immunity,” and it is retained by mechanisms of epigenetic and metabolic changes in innate immune cells after exposure to particular ligands, which have a direct impact in allograft rejection. In this review article, we highlight the role of monocytes and macrophages in organ transplantation and summarize therapeutic approaches to promote tolerance through manipulation of monocytes and macrophages. These strategies may open new therapeutic opportunities to increase long-term transplant survival rates in the clinic.
Highlights
Organ transplantation is a life-saving strategy for thousands of patients with end-stage organ failure
This is in response to early work on allograft rejection, which demonstrated that T cells are both necessary and sufficient for allograft rejection [4, 5]
This has major implications in lung transplantation as oxidative stress induced during ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), coupled with an increase in the endotoxin levels in the donor organ is associated with increased neutrophil recruitment as well as physiological markers of allograft injury mediated by tissue resident alveolar macrophages through TLR4/ MyD88 dependent pathways [93]
Summary
Farideh Ordikhani 1, Venu Pothula 1, Rodrigo Sanchez-Tarjuelo 1, Stefan Jordan 1 and Jordi Ochando 1,2*. Recent studies suggest that monocytes acquire a feature of memory recall response that is associated with a potent immune response This form of memory is called “trained immunity,” and it is retained by mechanisms of epigenetic and metabolic changes in innate immune cells after exposure to particular ligands, which have a direct impact in allograft rejection. We highlight the role of monocytes and macrophages in organ transplantation and summarize therapeutic approaches to promote tolerance through manipulation of monocytes and macrophages. These strategies may open new therapeutic opportunities to increase long-term transplant survival rates in the clinic
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
